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A  UTHOR : 


STURTEVANT,  E. 


TITLE: 


NOMINATIVE  AND 
DATIVE-ABLATIVE 

PLACE: 

BOSTON 

DA  TE : 

1909 


•.t 


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100  1  Sturtevant,  E.  H« 

245  14  The  Nominative  and  Dative-Ablativa  Plural  of  Deus  and  ileus  in  PlautuB 


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[No.  1 


CONTENTS 

An  Uncollated  MS  of  Juvenal •     .    .  C.  E.  Stuart 

The    Nominative    and    Dative-Ablative    Plural    op    Devs    and    Mevs    in 

Plavtvs E.  H.  Sturtevant 

Note  on  Plato,  Philebvs  31  c     . Dora  Mason 

Platonica  IX.  {continued),     ,     .     ,     , H.  Richards 

Ennivs  Annales  567  (Vahlen) W.  M.  Lindsay 

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Leonard  Whibley 

SiNCERVS   and   LVCRETIVS   III    717 A.    E.    HOUSMAN 

On  THE  Text  of  Juvenal  I.  115 ,     .     .     .    .    J.  P.  Postgate 

COLASANTl'S   PlJiNA  AND  GrOSSI'S   AqVINVM ThOMAS   ASHBY 

Wroth*s  Byzantine  Coins •    .    ,      E.  W.  Brooks 

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AN  UNCOLLATED  MS  OF  JUVENAL  7 

I  m.  138  lampade  ••••  i  m.)  lampadae  feruet,  2  m,  192  tunc,  i  m.  196  inguem,  /  m, 
197  uttamen  ex  uitamen  [?],  2  m.  236  onerosa»que  P;  oneros  atque  pallia  iactat  S. 
264  vide  supra,     343  nume»  nigruraque.     345  Claudius,  i  m.     433  nausiat,  i  m. 

It  seems  to  me  worth  while  to  conclude  this  article  by  noting  a  few 
instances  where  I  have  found  the  critical  notes  of  Prof  Housman's  edition  of 
1905  incorrect  on  the  readings  of  MSS  other  than  P.  His  authorities  are, 
I  fancy,  mainly  to  blame. 

Introd.   p.   ix,    Florilegia    Parisina    7646.      The   number   is   apparently    wrong,   nor 
did  I  succeed  in  identifying  the  MS  referred  to. 

Sat.  iv.  25,  Paris  9345,  precium  (not  pretio). 

vi.  285,  Paris  7906,  a  crimine  (not  e  crimine). 

vii.  157,  Paris  7906.  The  piece  of  the  MS  which  would  contain  the  word 
*  ueL  is  now  absent,  owing  to  damage  by  fire.  It  is  almost  impossible 
that  this  loss  has  taken  place  since  Forster's  collation. 

viii.   148,  Vaticanus  2810,  multo  sufflamine  (not  sufflamine  multo). 

viii.  229,  Paris  9345,  menalippes;   vel  pi  \in  sup.]  (not  melanippes). 

Lastly,  in  Sat.  vii.  156,  Ottobonianus  2884,  Barberinus  viii.  18,  and  Casanatensis 
A.  v.  27,  all  read  *  diuersa  fronte,'  which,  as  accounting  for  the  readings  both  of  P 
and  of  ^t  seems  to  me  probably  correct. 

C.  E.  Stuart. 


THE  NOMINATIVE  AND  DATIVE-ABLATIVE  PLURAL 
OF  DEVS  AND  MEVS  IN  PLAVTVS. 


IH  Hermathena,  vol  xiv.,  pp.  338-359,  Professor  Charles  Exon  attempts  to 
prove  that  the  nom.  and  dat.-abl.  pi.  of  dens  were  disyllabic  in  Plautus.^  The 
arguiiitll  upon  which  he  ligrs  must  stress  is  briefly  this :  Flautus  uses  iambic  words 
shortened  by  the  laur  ^breves  hrevlantes  m  the  thesis  {ue.,  the  accented  part  of  the 
foot)  of  iambic  and  trochaic  verse  about  twice  as  often  as  he  does  in  the  arsis, 
whereas: 'tHeloiig  «onosyllabk  c&rimam$  ia  ilali^ue  ipth  equal  .frequency  in  both 
parts  of  liit  filot.  In  this  respect  the  nom.  pL  of  deus  agrees  with  the  shortened 
iambi,  and  should  therefore,  he  thinks,  be  considered  one  of  them. 

Uwlbrtunatelf PS^fcamr;  Wmm  coatctttcd'  liiiitdf 'irilh  the  examination  of  the 

l8  occurrences  of  the  nom.  of  €wr,  only  g  of  which  appear  in  the  thesis.  By  adding 
to  these  the  examples  from  Plautine  dialogue  of  the  ace.  of  cor,  of  the  monosyllabic 
cases  of  aes,  bos,  and  crus^  and  of  the  adverb  (rm^?  Wt  fct  m  total  of  8i  instances, 
of  which  52,  or  64  per  cent.,  occur  la  the  thesis.  A  tendency  to  use  monosyllables 
about  twice  as  often  in  the  thesis  as  in  the  arsis  is  not  so  'inexplicable' 
as  Professor  Exon  think»  (p.  551).  It  fs  line  t©  the  tmX  that  long  syllables  in 
general  are  about  twice  as  frequent  ill  tilftt  part  of  the  foot,  or,  in  other  words,  to 
the  fact  that,  after  all,  Plautine  verse  is  rhythmical.  It  must  not  be  supposed, 
however,  that  all  teng  monosyllables  are  subject  to  such  a  tendency;  many 
unemphatic  words,  such  as  et,  est,  aut,  naturally  tend  to  be  placed  in  the  arsis.  At 
any  rate,  the  behavior,  in  this  respect,  of  the  group  of  long  monosyllables  examined 
is  practically  the  same  as  that  of  shortened  iambic  words :  both  occur  flbout 
twice  as  often  in  the  thesis  as  in  the  arsis.  This  line  of  argument,  therefore,  cannot 
help  us  to  decide  to  which  group  the  nom.  and  dat.-abl.  pi.  of  deus  belong. 

That  they  were  really  monosyllables  is  shown,  I  think,  by  the  fact  that  all 
iambic  words  must  frequently  be  read  in  Plautus  with  full  trimoric  value,  whereas 
it  is  never  necessary  to  read  the  nom.  and  dat.-abl.  of  deus  in  that  way— at  least  in 
passages  where  the  reading  is  clear.  Professor  Exon  tries  to  minimize  the  force  of 
this  consideration  by  showing  that  the  undoubtedly  disyllabic  ace.  pi.  deos  departs 
nearly  as  far  from  the  normal  behavior  of  iambic  words  as  do  the  cases  under 
discussion.     Other  iambic  words,  he  says,  must  count  as  such  in  about  j-j  per  cent. 


*I  have  discussed  this  point  in  my  dissertation, 
entitled,  '  Contraction  in  the  Case-forms  of  the  Latin 
1(0  and  ia  Stems,  and  of  deus,   is  and  idem,'  Chi- 


cago,    1902,   and  the  following  remarks  are  merely 
supplementary  to  what  I  have  said  there. 
2  See  references  in  Lodge,  Lexicon  Plautinum,  s.vv. 


DEVS  AND  MEVS  IN  PLAVTVS 


of  their   occurrences,   deos   in   7   per  cent,  and  the  nom.    pi.   of  deus  in  about 
2  per  cent. 

In  the  first  place,  this  statement  of  the  case  is  not  quite  exact.  We  must 
remember  that  in  the  three  places  where  Professor  Exon  thinks  that  '  the  nom.  pi. 
of  deus  is  necessarily  scanned  as  a  disyllabic'  the  manuscript  reading  is  di,  for 
which  dhii  is  as  easy  an  emendation  as  diei,  the  reading  which  he  prefers.  But, 
granting  that  he  is  right  about  these  three  places,  3  is  not  quite  2  per  cent,  of  290,^ 
the  total  number  of  instances  of  the  nom.  pi.  of  deus  in  Plautus.  Again,  we  ought 
to  include  the  25  occurrences  of  the  dat.-abl. — all  of  them  dimoric — since  the 
argument  is  supposed  to  hold  for  these  cases  too.  The  true  ratio  of  the  trimoric 
instances  to  the  total,  then,  is  rather  less  than    i   per  cent. 

Professor  Exon  recognizes  only  4  certain  instances  of  deos  with  full  iambic 
value  (  Cas.  670,  Rud.  191,  Ba.  387,  Cist.  242).  To  these  should  certainly  be  added 
Poen.  950 : 

De6s  deasque  ueneror  qui  banc  urbem  colunt. 

Professor   Exon    seriously   overstates  bis  case   when   he   refers   to  this  as  a  line 

*  which  it  is  generally  agreed  should  be  altered.'     The  reading  given  above,  which 

is    found    both  in   the  Palatine   manuscripts   and  in  the  Ambrosian  palimpsest,'^ 

is  accepted   without  qw^stion   by   Goetz   and    Loewe   in  their  editio   maior,   by 

Goetz    and    Schoell   in   the   smaller   Teubner  text,  by  Leo,  by  Lindsay,  and  by 

Lodge   in   his   Lexicon  Plmitinum.     As  far   as    I  can  discover,  the  only  scholars 

who  have  wanted  to  emend  the  line  are  Studemund,  Abraham,^  and  Exon  himself 

Abraham   and,    I    suppose,   Studemund    object   to   the   iambic   deos  because  this 

is    the    only   place    where    the    word    forms   the    first    foot   of    an    iambic    line. 

Such    a    consideration,    of  course,    cannot    outweigh    the    manuscript    authority 

which  we  have  quoted  above.     As  a  matter  of  fact,  lines   which   open   with   an 

iambic   word   plus   an   amphibrach   are   comparatively   rare.*     Plautus,    however, 

introduces  seven  other  lines  in  the  same  way.     I  quote  two  of  them  : 

Pers.  352 

Ferdnt  eantque  mdxumam  maldm  crucem. 
Pers.  369 

Malo  cauere  meliust  te.     At  si  non  licet. 

The  other  examples  are  Aid.  75,  Ba.  883,  Ep.  42,  Ps.  1078,  Rud.  324. 

Iambic  deos  in  Rud.  6  is  rejected  by  Professor  Exon  because  it  stands  in 
a  prologue.     No  account  is   taken  of  the  fact  that  the  prologue  of  the  Rudens 


*It  is  possible  that  Professor  Exon  meant  to 
include  his  conjectural  restoration  of  diet  for  di  in 
Ps.  767  and  for  diui  in  Aul.  50 ;  5  is  about  2  per 
cent,  of  291  (Ps.  767  is,  of  course,  included  in  the 
290  instances  mentioned  in  the  text).  It  should  be 
clear  to  every  one,  however,  that  such  uncertain 
conjectures  cannot  be  admitted  in  evidence. 

I  have  previously  {I.e.  p.  19)  given  the  number 
as  287.  Now,  of  course,  I  must  include  the  three 
instances  in  which,  for  the  sake  of  the  argument, 
the  reading  diei  instead  of  diui  is  granted. 


^On  the  cogency  of  such  a  consensus  of  the 
two  families  of  manuscripts  see  Lindsay,  Ancient 
Editions  of  Plautus,  p.   150. 

'Abraham,  Stuiia  Plautitta,  p.  204,  ascribes  his 
emendation  to  Studemund  without  reference.  I 
cannot  find  Studemund's  treatment  of  the  line.  Did 
he  make  the  suggestion  in  conversation  or  by  letter  ? 

*Klotz,  Altrbmische  Metrik^  p.  237,  is  wrong  in 
thinking,  apparently,  that  the  opening  of  Ter.  Ad. 
392,  pudet  pigetquf,  is  more  usual  than  minm  decern 
(Ad.  242),  etc. 


E-  H-  STURTEVANT 


DEVS  AND  MEVS  IN  PLAVTVS 


II 


stands  on  a  very  different  footing  from  that  of  most  of  the  prologues.  The 
burden  of  proof  undoubtedly  rests  upon  those  who  would  reject  it  or  any  part 
of  it,  but  Professor  Exon  dismisses  it  with  five  words.  Dziatzko,  Rh.  Mus.  xxiv. 
pp.  570-584,  demonstrated  the  genuineness  of  parts  of  it.^  Marx,  Greifswalder 
Programm,  1892/93,  argued  that  the  first  section  (11.  1-31)  is  from  an  Attic  source 
and    therefore,   of   course,   Plautine.^     The    prologue    of  the    Rudens    begins   as 

follows :  ^ 

Qui  gentes  omnes  mariaque  et  terrds  mouet, 

Eius  sum  ciuis  c/uitate  caelitum. 

Ita  sum  lit  uidetis  splendens  stella  cdndida, 

Signum  quod  semper  tempore  exoritiir  suo 

5     Hie  atque  in  caelo.     n6men  Arctur6st  mihi. 

Noctu  sum  in  caelo  clarus  atque  inter  deos, 

Inter  mortalis  dmbulo  interdius. 

Et  dlia  signa  de  caelo  ad  terram  dccidunt : 

Quist  imperator  diuom  atque  hominum  luppiter, 

Is  n6s  per  gentis  dliud  alia  dfsparat, 

Qui  fdcta  hominum,  m6res,  pietatem  et  fidem 

Noscdmus,  fut  quemque  ddiuuet  opul^ntia. 

Qui  fdlsas  litis  fdlsis  testim6niis 

Petunt  quique  in  iure  dbiurant  pecuniam, 

Eoriim  referimus  n6mina  exscripta  dd  louem. 

Cotfdie  ille  scft  quis  hie  quaerdt  malum. 


10 


»5 


Lines  6  and  7  were  suspected  by  Marx  (/.r.)  because  they  are  inconsistent  with 
his  understanding  of  h\c  in  line  5  as  equal  to  in  scaena,  Leo  included  line  8 
within  the  brackets.  And,  indeed,  consistency  required  that  he  should  do  so, 
for  the  ad  terram  of  line  8  goes  no  better  with  his  and  Marx'  understanding 
of  hie  than  does  the  inter  mortalis  of  line  7  *  But  if  line  8  is  rejected,  nos  in 
line  10  is  extremely  harsh,  and  with  line  10  we  have  to  throw  out  the  entire 
passage  about  Jupiter's  detective  and  judicial  system  (11.  6-31).  All  this 
really  constitutes  a  powerful  argument  in  favor  of  interpreting  hie  in  line  5 
as  in  terra — an  interpretation  which  its  obvious  antithesis  to  in  caelo  might 
have  suggested  at  the  outset.  There  is,  then,  no  reason  at  all  for  suspecting 
line  6.** 

Accordingly  there  are  6  cases  of  trimoric  deos  in  Plautus  out  of  a  total 
of  58,  or  a  trifle  more  than  10  per  cent  The  percentages  that  are  to  be 
compared  are  I  for  the  conjectural  trimoric  nom.  and  dat.-abl.  pi.,  10  for 
eUds^  and  T]   for  other  iambic   words. 


^Cf.  Leo,  Plautinische  Farschungen^  pp.   191  f. 

'So  I  gather  from  Leo,  /.f.,  p.  192.  I  have  not 
seen  Marx'  article. 

*The  text  is  that  of  Goetz  and  Schoell. 

*I  am  not  sure  that  this  was  Leo's  reason  for 
condemning  the  line.  In  his  note  he  refers  to 
Dziatzko  {l.c,\   who  objected  to  the  verse  because 


cucidunt  stands  where  we  should  expect  descendunt. 
Professor  Knapp  calls  my  attention  to  the  use  of 
accido  in  the  same  sense  in  Lucr.  iv.  215  and 
Caes.  B.G.   iii.    14. 

*This   line    of  argument   was    suggested    by  my 
colleague.   Professor  Charles   Knapp. 


It  is  still  quite  true  that  the  behavior  of  deos  is  very  different  from 
that  of  other  iambic  words.  Of  that  curious  fact,  however,  Professor  Exon 
has  suggested  a  very  interesting  explanation  (pp.  355  ff.).  The  only  point 
with  which  we  are  now  concerned  is  that  the  marked  difference  between  the 
behavior  of  the  nom.  and  dat.-abl.  pi.  of  deus^  on  the  one  hand,  and  of  the 
ace.  pi.  on  the  other,  has  so  far  been  explained  in  only  one  way :  viz.,  by 
the  hypothesis  that  the  former  were  monosyllables.  In  the  absence  of  con- 
flicting evidence  that  hypothesis  will  have  to  stand,  and  editors  will  continue 
to  emend  to  ditii  rather  than  to  dei  or  diei  where  either  word  is  metrically 
possible. 

We  have  noticed  incidentally  that  Professor  Exon  assumes  as  the  disyllabic 
nom.  and  dat.-abl.  pi.  of  deus  a  form  with  t  in  the  penult.  This  sound, 
he  thinks  (p.  341),  had  by  the  time  of  Plautus  developed  from  e  in  the  nom. 
and  dat.-abl.  pi.  of  all  eo-  stems :  meus^  for  example,  made  in  the  nom.  pi. 
miei  (i.e.  mie)y  and  in  the  dat.-abl.  pi.  mieis  (i.e.  mies)}  We  are  not  now 
concerned  with  the  pre-Plautine  history  which  Professor  Exon  assumes  for 
these  forms.  Their  history  after  Plautus  he  gives  as  follows;  'When  final  -ei 
became  -f  (about  150  B.C.),  miei  and  mieis  became  mil  and  mils  respectively, 
and  at  once  suffered  contraction  into  *mi  and  *mis.  But  the  analogy  of 
meuSf  etc.  restored  e,  and  the  case  forms  of  fneus  became  what  they  were 
in    classical   times.' 

As  evidence  for  his  early  forms,  miei,  mieis,  etc..  Professor  Exon  cites 
abiegnieis,  tnieis,  iei,  and  ieis,  from  early  inscriptions,  and  the  manuscript  spelling 
mieis  at  Plautus,  Men.  202.  All  these  epigraphical  forms,  however,  stand  in 
inscriptions  of  later  date  than  150  B.C.;  they  come  from  a  time  when, 
according  to  the  sentences  just  quoted  from  Professor  Exon  himself,  the  nom. 
pi.  of  mens  could  be  only  mz  or  met.^  As  I  have  shown  (/.r.,  pp.  7  f.) 
that  the  spelling  lEl  was  sometimes  used  for  the  sound  i  during  the  last 
century  and  a  half  of  the  republic,  and  as  there  is  no  reason  to  suppose 
that  it  could  be  used  with  the  value  it,  there  can  be  no  doubt  about  its 
meaning  here.  The  manuscript  spelling  mieis  should,  of  course,  be  referred 
to  the  period  to  which  the  analogous  epigraphical  forms  are  known  to 
belong.  There  is,  then,  no  evidence  that  Plautus  knew  any  such  forms  as 
miei  and   mieis. 

Professor  Exon  would  probably  reply  that  no  objective  evidence  is  needed. 
There  is  ample  proof  in  Plautine  verse  that  the  monosyllabic  nom.  and 
dat.-abl.  pi.  of  meus,  which  Professor  Exon  and  I  both  assume  for  some 
period  before  Plautus,  had  been  largely  supplanted  by  some  sort  of  disyllabic 
forms.      These    must   have   been    either    meei    and    meeis    or    miei   and    mieis. 


^This  part  of  Professor  Exon's  article  (pp.  341  ff.) 
is  an  amplification  of  an  earlier  discussion  of  the 
«^-sterns  in   Hermathena,   xiii.    pp.    149  f. 

'On  page  340  Professor  Exon  says  it  is  by  no 
means  sure  that  ei  after  i  became  i  at  about  150  B.c. 


But  everywhere  else  in  the  two  articles  he  assumes 
the  change,  and  its  reality  is  proved  by  the  con- 
tracted forms  flouiy  controuersts,  lanuaris,  Veiiuris, 
and    Vituris   in    the  inscription   CI.L,    i.    199   of 

117    B.C. 


<ii*fci*it 


12 


DEVS  AND  MEVS  IN  PLAVTVS 


But,   it   may   be  argued,   meei  and    meeis   could    no    sooner    be    restored    than 
they  would   again   suffer  contraction. 

My  answer  is  that  there  is  no  reason  for  assuming  that  the  sound  law 
which  at  some  early  date  led  to  the  contraction  of  nuei  was  still  operative 
in  the  time  of  Plautus.  We  know  that  the  sounds  e  and  e  (written  ei)  of 
Plautus'  day  actually  did,  within  fifty  years  after  his  death,  become  decidedly 
different  from  each  other  (/  and  /"  respectively) ;  it  is  altogether  likely  that 
their  divergence  had  already  gone  far  enough  to  prevent  contraction,  and 
thus   to   make   possible   the   restoration    of  the   form    meei. 

E.  H.  Sturtevant. 


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